BECE 016 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND CONTEMPORARY ISSUES Solved Assignment 2022-23

BECE 016 Solved Assignment 2022-23, BECE 016 Solved Assignment 2022-23, BECE 016 Assignment 2022-23, BECE 016 Assignment, IGNOU Assignments 2022-23- Gandhi National Open University had recently uploaded the assignments of this session for the year 2022-23. Students are recommended to download their Assignments from this webpage itself. BECE 016 Solved Assignment 2022-23 They don’t need to go anywhere else when everything regarding the Assignments are available during this text only.

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BECE 016 Solved Assignment 2022-23

Course Code: BECE 016

Assignment Code: BECE 016/TMA/2022-23

Max. Marks: 100

Section A

Long Answer Questions (word limit-500 words) 2x20=40 marks

1. Elucidate the environmental issues and concerns of economic development. Discuss the concept of sustainable development in this regard.

Economic growth means an increase in real output (real GDP). Therefore, with increased output and consumption we are likely to see costs imposed on the environment. The environmental impact of economic growth includes the increased consumption of non-renewable resources, higher levels of pollution, global warming and the potential loss of environmental habitats.

However, not all forms of economic growth cause damage to the environment. With rising real incomes, individuals have a greater ability to devote resources to protecting the environment and mitigate the harmful effects of pollution. Also, economic growth caused by improved technology can enable higher output with less pollution.

This PPF curve shows a trade-off between non-renewable resources and consumption. As we increase consumption, the opportunity cost implies a lower stock of non-renewable resources.

For example, the pace of global economic growth in the past century has led to a decline in the availability of natural resources such as forests (cut down for agriculture/demand for wood)

·         A decline in sources of oil/coal/gas

·         Loss of fishing stocks – due to overfishing

·         Loss of species diversity – damage to natural resources has led to species extinction.

External costs of economic growth

·         Pollution. Increased consumption of fossil fuels can lead to immediate problems such as poor air quality and soot, (London smogs of the 1950s). Some of the worst problems of burning fossil fuels have been mitigated by Clean Air Acts – which limit the burning of coal in city centres. Showing that economic growth can be consistent with reducing a certain type of pollution.

·         Less visible more diffuse pollution. While smogs were a very clear and obvious danger, the effects of increased CO2 emissions are less immediately obvious and therefore there is less incentive for policymakers to tackle. Scientists state the accumulation of CO2 emissions have contributed to global warming and more volatile weather. All this suggests economic growth is increasing long-term environmental costs – not just for the present moment, but future generations.

·         This graph shows CO2 emissions per capita. It shows a 66% rise in per capita pollution between 1960 and 2014. The total emissions are also higher because of population growth. 1960 to 2014 was a period of strong economic growth and despite the development of new technologies, has failed to halt the rise. The last few years 2011 to 2014 show a levelling – this is only a short time range, but could be due to improved global efforts to reduce pollution. (it was also a period of low economic growth in Western economies)

·         Damage to nature. Air/land/water pollution causes health problems and can damage the productivity of land and seas.

·         Global warming and volatile weather. Global warming leads to rising sea levels, volatile weather patterns and could cause significant economic costs

·         Soil erosion. Deforestation resulting from economic development damages soil and makes areas more prone to drought.

·         Loss of biodiversity. Economic growth leads to resource depletion and loss of biodiversity. This could harm future ‘carrying capacity of ecological systems’ for the economy. Though there is uncertainty about the extent of this cost as the benefit of lost genetic maps may never be known.

·         Long-term toxins. Economic growth creates long-term waste and toxins, which may have unknown consequences. For example, economic growth has led to increased use of plastic, which when disposed of do not degrade. So there is an ever-increasing stock of plastic in the seas and environment – which is both unsightly but also damaging to wildlife.

2. What is inclusive growth? Discuss its policy ingredients.

Section B

Medium Answer Questions (word limit-250 words) 4x12=48 marks

3. What do you understand by socialism? Explain its evolution.

4. Discuss salient features of mixed economy. What are its merits and limitations?

5. What are the problems of present International Monetary system? Give suggestions to improve the system.

6. What are the steps involved in the process of decentralized planning?

Section C

Short Answer Questions (word limit-100 words) 2x6=12 marks

7. Explain the concept of expected urban rural wage differential.

8. What are the major forms of Public Private Partnership (PPP)?

IGNOU Assignment Status 2022-23

BECE 016 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND CONTEMPORARY ISSUES Solved Assignment 2022-23: Those students who had successfully submitted their Assignments to their allocated study centres can now check their Assignment Status. Alongside assignment status, they will also checkout their assignment marks & result. All this is often available in a web mode. After submitting the assignment, you'll check you IGNOU Assignment Status only after 3-4 weeks. it'd take 40 days to declare.

BECE 016 Solved Assignment 2022-23 Those students who had successfully submitted their Assignments to their allocated study centres can now check their Assignment Status. Along with assignment status, they can also checkout their assignment marks & result. BECE 016 Solved Assignment 2022-23 All this is available in an online mode. After submitting the assignment, you can check you IGNOU Assignment Status only after 3-4 weeks. It might take 40 days to declare.

BECE 016  Solved Assignment 2022-23 Here the students can check their IGNOU Assignment Status, marks, result or both the sessions i.e; June & December.

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