EHI 02 INDIA: EARLIEST TIMES TO 8TH CENTURY A.D. Solved Assignment 2022-23
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02 INDIA: EARLIEST TIMES TO 8TH CENTURY A.D. Solved Assignment 2022-23,
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EHI 02 Solved Assignment 2022-23
Course Code: EHI 02
Assignment Code: EHI 02/TMA/2022-23
Max. Marks: 100
Section 1:
Answer each question in about 500 words.
1. Discuss
the Mesolithic cultures of India? 20
In 1872, Fergusson brought out his excellent work entitled
“Rude Stone Monuments in all Countries: their age and uses. This first
attracted the attention of scholars. Although Babington (1823) had published
his book, “Descriptions of the Pandoo Coolies in Malawar” and Meadows Tylor
(1873) was writing about his observations pertaining to the “Distribution of
Cairns, Cromlechs, Kistveans and other Celtic, Druidical or Scythian monuments
in the Dekhan”. Fergusson’s work on Megaliths may still be regarded as a
landmark because of its wide scope and integrated approach.
As with the descriptive accounts, the first excavation of
Megalithic monuments also took place more than a century ago. In the last
quarter of the 19th century, Dr. Jagor first excavated in the classic site of
Adicanallur in the Tirunevelly district, Tamil Nadu. The extensive site of
Junapani, near Nagpur in Maharastra was also excavated on a small scale by
Rivett-Carnac (1879).
Simultaneously, extensive exploration in the Madras region
continued, resulting in the publication of the list of antiquarian remains in
the Presidency of Madras by Sewell in 1882. At the turn of the century, Foote
(1901) brought out an excellent Catalogue of antiquities, including megaliths.
In the later years of the 19th century, Alexander Rea (1902-03) excavated a
number of megalithic sites in South India. The classic site of Adichanallur was
also reexcavated in 1903-04 by Louis Lapicque. The remarkable variety and
distinctive natures of the Indian Megalithic cultures were then placed before
the world by Rea in 1915, when he published the Catalogue of the Prehistoric
antiquities from Adichanallur and Perumbair. A decade later, Hunt (1924)
published the result of the excavation of Megalithic graves in Andhra Pradesh.
By the end of the first quarter of the 20th century, a number of Megalithic
sites had been excavated. However, the first attempt to place the South Indian
Megaliths in a chronological framework was by Sir Mortimer Wheeler (1948), who
excavated the sites of Brahmagiri and Chandravalli in Karnataka in 1944.
In 1962, it appeared that the megaliths, that is, huge stone
monuments, were a special feature of South India. Preliminary classification
had shown regional types. Wheeler’s excavation at Brahmagiri showed that these
were not as old as once believed. This was confirmed by subsequent excavations
at Sanur, Maski and other places. While studying the Karnataka megalithic
monuments A. Sundara (1975) concluded that “the varied tomb types in different
geological zones are essentially due to the traditional affiliations rather
than environmental influence.” The megalithic builders at Hallur and further
south at Paiyampalli, were not only adept at quarrying all kinds of stones, but
they made a judicious use of these rocks. They employed a particular stone for
a particular part of the tomb.
Again, these people were excellent architects-engineers. The
best example is the constructional plan of the passage chamber. Though we still
do not know about the houses and habitations of these megalithic builders, the
recovery of sickles and plough coulters of iron, rice and ragi grains from the
excavations at Kunnattur and Hallur respectively, shows that these people were
probably dependent largely upon agriculture and partly upon hunting, as proved
by the hunting scenes in the rock-paintings at Hire-Benkal. Animals such as
cow/ox, goat/sheep, dogs and horses were domesticated. So far no evidence of
literacy in the form of writing of any kind has been found from the megaliths
in Karnataka.
Finally, on the question of the identity of the megalithic
builders, Sundara (1975) has shown how there was mutual borrowing between the Neolithic-Chalcolithic
inhabitants of Karnataka and the megalithicbuilders who arrived about 800-700
BC. As Kennedy has said, it is difficult to say anything about the racial types
from the study of the extant skeletal remains. Hence, the only thing left to a
culture-historian is cultural relics. Amongst these, the only significant thing
was the post-holed cist.
In this regard Sundara again is of the opinion that all the
megalith-chamber types of tombs of North Karnataka or South India, are the
passage chamber type that has fundamental resemblances with those of the
Mediterranean and Western European megaliths. He further thinks that the South
Indian megaliths were derived from the Mediterranean region via the coastal
route. Some idea of the megalithic in Coorg can be had from the work of K. K.
Subbayya. Excavation of four sites at Heggadehalli revealed some new types of
burials, which seem to be unique. Instead of the stone sides containing a simple
pit or underground cist of stone slabs, at this place, the sides contained a
pit and at the base of the pit were laid a granitic slab over which the
funerary offerings were deposited. The pit was then filled with soft earth.
Or
Discuss the
town planning, drainage and architectural features of Harappan Civilization.
2. What are
the main features of the Society, economy and polity of the early Vedic period?
20
Or
Examine the
nature of administrative structure, society and polity of the Guptas.
Section 2:
Answer each question in about 250 words.
3. Write an
essay on sixteen Mahajanpadas 12
Or
Discuss the
Megalithic culture of India.
4. What
were the main features of the administrative organization of the Mauryas? 12
Or
What were
the factors which led to the rise of Magadha?
5. Write a
detailed note on Sungas and Kushanas. 12
Or
Discuss the
main features of the trade and urbanization in the period between 200 BCE – 200
CE.
6. Discuss
the early state formation in Deccan.
Or
Discuss the
growth of Tamil Language and literature. 5
Section 3:
Answer in about 100 words each.
7. Write
short notes on any two of the following: 6 + 6
a) Ashoka's
Dhamma.
b) Mauryan
Art
c) Buddhism
d) Bhakti
Ideology
IGNOU Assignment Status 2022-23
EHI 02 INDIA: EARLIEST TIMES TO 8TH CENTURY A.D. Solved Assignment
2022-23: Those students who
had successfully submitted their Assignments to their allocated study centres
can now check their Assignment Status. Alongside assignment status, they will
also checkout their assignment marks & result. All this is often available
in a web mode. After submitting the assignment, you'll check you IGNOU
Assignment Status only after 3-4 weeks. it'd take 40 days to declare.
EHI 02 Solved Assignment
2022-23 Those students who had successfully submitted their
Assignments to their allocated study centres can now check their Assignment
Status. Along with assignment status, they can also checkout their assignment
marks & result. EHI 02 Solved Assignment 2022-23 All this
is available in an online mode. After submitting the assignment, you can check
you IGNOU Assignment Status only after 3-4 weeks. It might take 40 days to
declare.
EHI 02 Solved
Assignment 2022-23 Here the students can check their IGNOU Assignment
Status, marks, result or both the sessions i.e; June & December.
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