EHI 07 MODERN EUROPE MID-18TH TO MID-20TH CENTURIES Solved Assignment 2022-23

EHI 07 Solved Assignment 2022-23, EHI 07 Solved Assignment 2022-23, EHI 07 Assignment 2022-23, EHI 07 Assignment, IGNOU Assignments 2022-23- Gandhi National Open University had recently uploaded the assignments of this session for the year 2022-23. Students are recommended to download their Assignments from this webpage itself. EHI 07 Solved Assignment 2022-23 They don’t need to go anywhere else when everything regarding the Assignments are available during this text only.

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EHI 07 Solved Assignment 2022-23

Course Code: EHI 07

Assignment Code: EHI 07/TMA/2022-23

Max. Marks: 100

Note: All questions are compulsory.

Section 1: Answer each question in about 500 words.

1. ‘French Revolution was the outcome of economic as well as social and political crisis in France.’ Explain.

The French Revolution had general causes common to all the revolutions of the West at the end of the 18th century and particular causes that explain why it was by far the most violent and the most universally significant of these revolutions. The first of the general causes was the social structure of the West. The feudal regime had been weakened step-by-step and had already disappeared in parts of Europe. The increasingly numerous and prosperous elite of wealthy commoners— merchants, manufacturers, and professionals, often called the bourgeoisie— aspired to political power in those countries where it did not already possess it.

The peasants, many of whom owned land, had attained an improved standard of living and education and wanted to get rid of the last vestiges of feudalism so as to acquire the full rights of landowners and to be free to increase their holdings. Furthermore, from about 1730, higher standards of living had reduced the mortality rate among adults considerably. This, together with other factors, had led to an increase in the population of Europe unprecedented for several centuries: it doubled between 1715 and 1800. For France, which with 26 million inhabitants in 1789 was the most populated country of Europe, the problem was most acute.

A larger population created a greater demand for food and consumer goods. The discovery of new gold mines in Brazil had led to a general rise in prices throughout the West from about 1730, indicating a prosperous economic situation. From about 1770, this trend slackened, and economic crises, provoking alarm and even revolt, became frequent. Arguments for social reform began to be advanced. The philosophes—intellectuals whose writings inspired these arguments—were certainly influenced by 17th-century theorists such as René Descartes, Benedict de Spinoza and John Locke, but they came to very different conclusions about political, social, and economic matters. A revolution seemed necessary to apply the ideas of Montesquieu, Voltaire, or Jean-Jacques Rousseau. This Enlightenment was spread among the educated classes by the many “societies of thought” that were founded at that time: masonic lodges, agricultural societies, and reading rooms. It is uncertain, however, whether revolution would have come without the added presence of a political crisis. Faced with the heavy expenditure that the wars of the 18th century entailed, the rulers of Europe sought to raise money by taxing the nobles and clergy, who in most countries had hitherto been exempt, To justify this, the rulers likewise invoked the arguments of advanced thinkers by adopting the role of “enlightened despots.” This provoked reaction throughout Europe from the privileged bodies, diets. and estates. In North America this backlash caused the American Revolution, which began with the refusal to pay a tax imposed by the king of Great Britain. Monarchs tried to stop this reaction of the aristocracy, and both rulers and the privileged classes sought allies among the nonprivileged bourgeois and the peasants.

The political causes of the French revolution included the autocratic monarchy, bankruptcy and extravagant spending of royals. To understand the causes of the French Revolution, one needs to understand France’s political structure before the revolution began. An autocratic monarchy means that French society was governed by an all-powerful king or queen, believed to have been given divine right to rule by God. These monarchs were hereditary rulers, which meant that the son or daughter of the monarch would be the next ruler. As many believed the monarchs to be a “representative of God”, they did not question the orders of their rulers. But this unlimited power of the monarchs soon led to abuse.

Or

Write a critical note on the formation of the British Nation-state. 20

2. What was the significance of the Bolshevik Revolution? Discuss major developments in Russia after the Revolution.

Or

How would you explain the rise of Fascism in Italy? What was the nature of the Fascist state? 20

Section 2: Answer each question in about 250 words.

3. What do you understand by democratic legitimation? What is the role of judiciary in democracy?

Or

Write a note on the Chartist movement. 12

4. How did Napoleon Bonaparte use bureaucracy and educational institutions to reform the government?

Or

How would you differentiate the pattern of industrialization in Germany and France from Britain? 12

5. How did the change come in economic position of women in modern Europe?

Or

What do you understand by nationalism? How did the idea of nationalism evolve in Europe? 12

6. What was the effect of industrial growth on the rise of cities?

Or

Write a note on the liberals and the socialists. 12

Section 3: Answer in about 100 words each.

7. Write short notes on any two of the following:6 + 6

i) Notion of liberty

ii) Rise of the Middle Class

iii) Religious intolerance under the Nazis

iv) Crisis of Capitalism.

IGNOU Assignment Status 2022-23

EHI 07 MODERN EUROPE MID-18TH TO MID-20TH CENTURIES Solved Assignment 2022-23: Those students who had successfully submitted their Assignments to their allocated study centres can now check their Assignment Status. Alongside assignment status, they will also checkout their assignment marks & result. All this is often available in a web mode. After submitting the assignment, you'll check you IGNOU Assignment Status only after 3-4 weeks. it'd take 40 days to declare.

EHI 07 Solved Assignment 2022-23 Those students who had successfully submitted their Assignments to their allocated study centres can now check their Assignment Status. Along with assignment status, they can also checkout their assignment marks & result. EHI 07 Solved Assignment 2022-23 All this is available in an online mode. After submitting the assignment, you can check you IGNOU Assignment Status only after 3-4 weeks. It might take 40 days to declare.

EHI 07  Solved Assignment 2022-23 Here the students can check their IGNOU Assignment Status, marks, result or both the sessions i.e; June & December.

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