The modernization theory argues that economic development and social change lead to democracy and political development. It suggests that as countries become more industrialized and urbanized, they become more likely to adopt democratic institutions and values. This theory emphasizes the role of education, urbanization, and technology in promoting political development.
The dependency
theory, on the other hand, suggests that the development of some countries is
hindered by the dominance of more powerful countries. It argues that developing
countries are dependent on developed countries for investment, trade, and
technology, and this dependence limits their ability to develop their own
economies and political systems.
Briefly describe the
modernization, dependency and statist theories that shaped studies on political
development
Finally, the
statist theory emphasizes the importance of state-led development. It argues
that the state has a crucial role to play in promoting economic development and
political stability through planning and intervention. This theory suggests
that the state should control key industries, provide social services, and
redistribute wealth in order to create a more equal society.
These three
theories have had a significant impact on the study of political development.
Modernization theory, which emerged in the post-World War II era, was
influential in shaping the policies of Western governments and international
organizations towards developing countries. It emphasized the importance of
economic development and social change as a means of promoting democracy and
political stability. However, its optimistic view of modernization as a panacea
for all social problems has been criticized for being too simplistic and
ignoring the complexities of the developing world.
The dependency
theory, which gained prominence in the 1960s and 1970s, challenged the assumptions
of modernization theory by highlighting the role of external factors in shaping
the development of the Third World. It argued that the development of
developing countries was often undermined by their dependence on developed
countries for resources and technology, and that political and economic systems
were shaped by the interests of powerful external actors. Dependency theory has
been criticized for exaggerating the role of external factors at the expense of
internal political dynamics, but it has also had a lasting impact on
development studies by emphasizing the importance of understanding the broader
global context in which development takes place.
The statist
theory, which emerged in the 1950s and 1960s, emphasized the role of the state
in promoting economic development and political stability. It argued that the
state should play an active role in managing the economy, providing social
services, and promoting equality. This theory has influenced the policies of
many developing countries, particularly in Asia and Latin America, which have
pursued state-led development strategies. However, it has also been criticized
for promoting authoritarianism and stifling political participation. Overall,
these three theories have shaped the way scholars and policymakers think about
the relationship between development, politics, and society.
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The
modernization theory suggests that economic development and social change lead
to democracy and political development. It argues that as countries become more
industrialized and urbanized, they become more likely to adopt democratic
institutions and values.
The dependency
theory, on the other hand, argues that the development of some countries is
hindered by the dominance of more powerful countries. It suggests that
developing countries are dependent on developed countries for investment,
trade, and technology, and this dependence limits their ability to develop
their own economies and political systems.