Explain the essential features of the Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution is a comprehensive and elaborate legal document that lays down the fundamental principles, structures, and functions of the Indian government. It was adopted on 26th January 1950 and is considered one of the most complex constitutions in the world. Here are some essential features of the Indian Constitution:

Lengthy and detailed: The Indian Constitution is one of the longest constitutions in the world, containing 448 articles, 12 schedules, and numerous amendments. It covers almost every aspect of governance, from fundamental rights and duties of citizens to the functioning of the judiciary, legislature, and executive.

Explain the essential features of the Indian Constitution

Federal system: The Indian Constitution establishes a federal system of government, where powers are divided between the central government and the state governments. It provides for a bicameral legislature, with a Rajya Sabha (Council of States) representing the states and a Lok Sabha (House of the People) representing the people.

Fundamental rights: The Indian Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens, including the right to equality, freedom of speech and expression, and freedom of religion. These rights are enforceable by the courts, and any violation of them can be challenged.

Directive principles of state policy: The Constitution also contains a set of guidelines known as the Directive Principles of State Policy, which are not enforceable by the courts but are meant to guide the government in policymaking. These principles include promoting social justice, protecting the environment, and ensuring economic development.

Independent judiciary: The Constitution establishes an independent judiciary, with the Supreme Court as the highest court in the land. The judiciary has the power to interpret the Constitution and strike down any laws that violate its provisions.

Secularism: The Indian Constitution declares India to be a secular country, with no official state religion. It guarantees the right to freedom of religion and prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion.

Amendments: The Constitution can be amended by a special procedure that requires the approval of two-thirds of both houses of parliament and a majority of state legislatures. This procedure ensures that the Constitution remains a living document that can adapt to changing circumstances.

These are some of the essential features of the Indian Constitution, which provide the framework for India's governance and ensure that the country remains a democratic and inclusive society.

The Indian Constitution is a comprehensive and elaborate legal document that provides the framework for the governance of the Indian Republic. Here are some of the essential features of the Indian Constitution:

Lengthy and detailed: The Indian Constitution is one of the longest constitutions in the world, containing 448 articles, 12 schedules, and numerous amendments. It covers almost every aspect of governance, from fundamental rights and duties of citizens to the functioning of the judiciary, legislature, and executive.


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Federal system: The Indian Constitution establishes a federal system of government, where powers are divided between the central government and the state governments. It provides for a bicameral legislature, with a Rajya Sabha (Council of States) representing the states and a Lok Sabha (House of the People) representing the people.

Fundamental rights: The Indian Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens, including the right to equality, freedom of speech and expression, and freedom of religion. These rights are enforceable by the courts, and any violation of them can be challenged.

Directive principles of state policy: The Constitution also contains a set of guidelines known as the Directive Principles of State Policy, which are not enforceable by the courts but are meant to guide the government in policymaking. These principles include promoting social justice, protecting the environment, and ensuring economic development.

Independent judiciary: The Constitution establishes an independent judiciary, with the Supreme Court as the highest court in the land. The judiciary has the power to interpret the Constitution and strike down any laws that violate its provisions.

Secularism: The Indian Constitution declares India to be a secular country, with no official state religion. It guarantees the right to freedom of religion and prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion.

Amendments: The Constitution can be amended by a special procedure that requires the approval of two-thirds of both houses of parliament and a majority of state legislatures. This procedure ensures that the Constitution remains a living document that can adapt to changing circumstances.

Parliamentary system: The Indian Constitution provides for a parliamentary system of government, where the executive is accountable to the legislature. The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers are responsible for running the government, and they are collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.

 

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Universal adult franchise: The Indian Constitution provides for universal adult suffrage, where all citizens who are 18 years of age or older have the right to vote in elections.

Single citizenship: Unlike many other federations, the Indian Constitution provides for a single citizenship, which is conferred on all citizens regardless of the state they belong to.

These are some of the essential features of the Indian Constitution, which provide the framework for India's governance and ensure that the country remains a democratic and inclusive society.

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