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M.E.G – 08
NEW LITERATURES IN ENGLISH IGNOU MEG 08 Solved
Assignment 2023-24
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questions are compulsory.
Q1.
Discuss the relationship between literature and social commitment with
reference to the texts in your course.
The
relationship between literature and social commitment is a complex and
multifaceted one. Literature has long been recognized as a powerful medium
through which authors can explore and critique social issues, advocate for
change, and engage readers in thoughtful reflection on societal norms and
values. Many texts in various literary courses demonstrate this relationship,
as they tackle social themes, challenge existing power structures, and promote
empathy and understanding.
One example of
literature's social commitment can be seen in the works of Charles Dickens.
Novels such as "Oliver Twist" and "Hard Times" shed light
on the harsh realities of poverty, exploitation, and social injustice during
the Victorian era. Dickens used his writing to advocate for social reforms and
to expose the suffering of the marginalized. Through vivid descriptions and
memorable characters, he drew attention to the plight of the poor and
encouraged readers to question the societal norms that perpetuated their
suffering.
Another text
that exemplifies the relationship between literature and social commitment is
"To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee. Set in the racially divided
American South of the 1930s, the novel addresses themes of racism, prejudice,
and the loss of innocence. Through the character of Atticus Finch, Lee
challenges societal norms and promotes empathy and understanding. The book
raises important questions about justice, morality, and the responsibility of
individuals to confront and combat systemic injustice. It serves as a powerful
tool to promote social awareness and inspire readers to take action against
discrimination.
Moreover, the
works of authors like Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, such as "Half of a Yellow
Sun" and "Americanah," demonstrate a strong social commitment.
Adichie explores themes of colonialism, race, gender, and identity, providing
insightful commentary on the socio-political landscape of Nigeria and the
African diaspora. By giving voice to marginalized individuals and communities,
Adichie's works contribute to social dialogue, challenge stereotypes, and
foster a greater understanding of the complexities of contemporary society.
Literature's
social commitment extends beyond specific texts to the broader canon as well.
When studied collectively, literature from different periods and cultures
reveals the evolution of societal values, norms, and struggles. It provides a
platform to examine historical and cultural contexts, as well as the impact of
social, political, and economic forces on individual lives. By engaging with
literary works, readers are encouraged to question prevailing attitudes and
ideologies, fostering critical thinking and a deeper understanding of the world
around them.
In conclusion,
literature and social commitment are intimately connected. Through the
exploration of social issues, advocacy for change, and promotion of empathy and
understanding, literature has the power to challenge existing power structures,
inspire action, and foster social awareness. The texts studied in literary
courses often serve as catalysts for important discussions about society,
justice, and the responsibility of individuals to engage with and work towards
a more equitable and inclusive world.
Q2. A
Grain of Wheat is a novel about Kenya’s struggle for freedom. Discuss.
A Grain of
Wheat" is indeed a novel that explores Kenya's struggle for freedom.
Written by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, a prominent Kenyan author, the book delves into
the complex historical and political context of Kenya during the Mau Mau
uprising and the fight for independence from British colonial rule.
Set in the
fictional village of Thabai, the novel takes place in the period leading up to
Kenya's independence in 1963. It intertwines the lives of various characters,
each representing different perspectives and experiences of the struggle.
Through their stories, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o vividly portrays the multi-faceted
nature of the fight for freedom.
One of the
central themes of the novel is the betrayal and sacrifices made during the
struggle. It highlights the internal conflicts within the Kenyan community, as
some characters collaborate with the British colonialists, while others join
the resistance movement. The character of Kihika, a local hero and freedom
fighter, symbolizes the hope and determination of those who fought for
independence.
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o
also explores the impact of colonialism on the individual and collective psyche
of the Kenyan people. The novel delves into the psychological wounds inflicted
by the colonial regime, including the suppression of cultural identity and the
erosion of traditional values. It portrays how these factors shaped the
dynamics and relationships among the characters.
Additionally,
"A Grain of Wheat" examines the disillusionment and challenges faced
after independence. It reflects on the high expectations and subsequent
disappointments that followed the attainment of freedom. The novel acknowledges
that the struggle for political liberation was only the beginning, and true
freedom encompasses social, economic, and cultural dimensions as well.
Through its
rich narrative and diverse characters, "A Grain of Wheat" presents a
nuanced portrayal of Kenya's struggle for freedom. It highlights the
complexities and contradictions inherent in any liberation movement and prompts
readers to reflect on the price paid for independence, both individually and as
a nation. Ultimately, the novel stands as a testament to the resilience,
courage, and aspirations of the Kenyan people during a crucial period in their
history.
Q3. What
political statement does Soyinka make in his play A Dance of the Forests?
In his play
"A Dance of the Forests," the Nigerian playwright and Nobel laureate,
Wole Soyinka, makes a political statement regarding the state of post-colonial
Africa and the need for a cultural and spiritual rebirth. The play, written in
1960 to celebrate Nigeria's independence from British colonial rule, delves
into the complexities of identity, history, and the search for meaning in a
changing society.
Soyinka's
political statement in "A Dance of the Forests" can be understood
through various themes and symbols employed throughout the play. One central
theme is the notion of collective amnesia or forgetting, which represents a
critique of Nigeria's post-independence era. Soyinka suggests that in their
pursuit of progress and modernization, African societies have neglected or
suppressed their cultural heritage, traditions, and spiritual roots.
Through the
character of the Traveler, who acts as a guide and prophet-like figure, Soyinka
emphasizes the importance of reconnecting with ancestral wisdom and
acknowledging the past. The Traveler calls for a collective awakening, urging
the characters and the audience to confront the ghosts of the past and
reconcile with history. This can be seen as a call for Africans to reclaim
their cultural identity, celebrate their heritage, and forge a path forward that
is rooted in their own experiences rather than blindly adopting Western ideals.
Additionally,
Soyinka critiques the political leadership of post-colonial Africa in "A
Dance of the Forests." The play presents a satirical portrayal of
political figures who are depicted as disconnected from the realities of the
people they govern. Through exaggerated characters and absurd situations,
Soyinka highlights the corruption, greed, and power struggles that have plagued
African governance.
Overall,
Soyinka's political statement in "A Dance of the Forests" emphasizes
the need for a cultural and spiritual reawakening in post-colonial Africa. He
urges Africans to confront their history, reclaim their cultural identity, and
challenge the political systems that perpetuate inequality and disconnection
from their roots. The play serves as a powerful critique of the
post-independence era while advocating for a more authentic and inclusive
future for Africa.
Q4.
Discuss the manner in which Bapsi Sidhwa presents the partition in Ice-Candy Man.
Bapsi Sidhwa, a
renowned Pakistani novelist, is known for her powerful and poignant portrayals
of historical events, particularly the partition of India in 1947. In her
works, such as "Ice-Candy-Man" (also known as "Cracking
India") and "An American Brat," Sidhwa presents the partition in
a deeply evocative and multifaceted manner.
One of the
notable aspects of Sidhwa's portrayal of the partition is her emphasis on the
human experiences and emotions associated with this tumultuous period. She
delves into the lives of her characters, providing intimate and personal
accounts of the partition's impact on individuals from diverse backgrounds.
Through vivid descriptions and empathetic storytelling, she captures the fear,
trauma, loss, and displacement faced by people during this historical event.
Sidhwa's narrative approach humanizes the partition, allowing readers to
connect with the characters on an emotional level.
Furthermore,
Sidhwa does not limit her exploration of the partition to a single perspective.
She presents a range of viewpoints from various communities affected by the
division, including Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, and Parsis. By doing so, she
highlights the complexity of the partition, showcasing the diverse experiences
and motivations of individuals on all sides of the conflict. Sidhwa's inclusive
approach helps to challenge simplistic narratives and fosters a deeper
understanding of the partition's impact on different communities.
In addition to
individual stories, Sidhwa also incorporates broader historical and political
contexts into her works. She addresses themes such as communal tensions,
religious identity, social hierarchies, and the struggles for power during the
partition era. Through her meticulous research and attention to detail, she
brings to life the socio-political dynamics of the time, offering readers a
nuanced understanding of the complex factors that contributed to the partition.
Another notable
aspect of Sidhwa's presentation of the partition is her exploration of gender
dynamics and the experiences of women. She sheds light on the unique challenges
faced by women during this period, including sexual violence, forced migration,
and societal restrictions. Sidhwa's portrayal of female characters showcases
their resilience, courage, and agency in the face of adversity, challenging
traditional gender roles and emphasizing the importance of women's voices in
shaping historical narratives.
Overall, Bapsi
Sidhwa's depiction of the partition is characterized by its humanity,
inclusivity, historical depth, and exploration of gender dynamics. Through her
evocative storytelling, she invites readers to grapple with the complexities of
this historical event, fostering empathy, understanding, and a deeper
appreciation for the lasting impact of the partition on individuals and
communities.
Q5.
Examine A House for Mr. Biswas as a diasporic novel.
Q6. Write
a critical account of the relationship between history and language in Derek
Walcott’s poetry.
Q7.
Analyse the evolution of a distinct ‘video style’ in Braithwaite’s poems.
Q8. The
characters in The Solid Mandala are a reflection of the themes of the novel.
Discuss.
Q9. What
are the various functions that the stone angel serves in the novel The Stone
Angel?
Q10.
Migrant intellectuals have played a significant role in institutionalizing
postcolonial theory. Discuss.
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