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M.E.G – 17
INDIAN
FOLK LITERATURE IGNOU MEG 17
Solved Assignment 2023-24
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questions are compulsory.
Q1. Had
it not been for Puritans, American Drama would have been different – discuss.
The influence
of the Puritans on American drama is an intriguing topic to explore. The
Puritans, who settled in New England during the 17th century, were a religious
group known for their strict moral and social beliefs. Their presence in the
early days of American history undoubtedly had an impact on various aspects of
society, including the development of drama.
One of the key
characteristics of the Puritans was their disapproval of theatrical
performances. They considered theater to be sinful, immoral, and a distraction
from their religious duties. As a result, they actively discouraged and, in
some cases, even banned theatrical productions in their communities. This
opposition to theater meant that the development of American drama was
significantly hindered during the colonial period.
The absence of
theatrical performances in Puritan society meant that there was limited
opportunity for the growth of a native American dramatic tradition. Unlike in
Europe, where theater flourished during the Renaissance, the Puritans' disdain
for drama left a void in the cultural landscape of early America. This lack of
exposure to and engagement with theater during the colonial era had a lasting
impact on the development of American drama.
Furthermore,
the Puritans' strict moral codes and their emphasis on religious piety shaped
the cultural values of early American society. These values were reflected in
literature, including plays, that emerged in subsequent centuries. Even as the
influence of Puritanism waned, the legacy of their moral framework continued to
shape American drama. Themes of morality, redemption, and the conflict between
virtue and temptation often featured prominently in American plays.
However, it is
important to note that the absence of Puritan influence might have allowed for
different forms of drama to emerge. The strict moral constraints imposed by the
Puritans limited the exploration of certain themes and the portrayal of certain
characters on stage. Without these restrictions, American drama might have
embraced more diverse and experimental approaches earlier on.
Additionally,
the absence of Puritan influence could have facilitated a greater integration
of theater into American society from an earlier period. Theatrical
performances serve as a means of cultural expression, social commentary, and
entertainment, and the lack of such performances during the colonial era may
have delayed the development of a vibrant and distinct American dramatic
tradition.
In conclusion,
the presence of Puritans in early America undoubtedly had a significant impact
on American drama. Their opposition to theater limited the growth of a native
dramatic tradition during the colonial period and influenced the moral
framework that continued to shape American plays in subsequent centuries. While
their influence may have restricted certain themes and forms of expression, the
absence of Puritanism could have allowed for a more diverse and experimental
theatrical landscape to emerge.
Q2. What
do you understand by Experimental Theatre?
Experimental
theatre refers to a genre of theatrical performance that challenges traditional
conventions and explores innovative approaches to storytelling, staging, and
audience engagement. It embraces a spirit of exploration, pushing the
boundaries of theatrical norms and often incorporating elements from other
artistic disciplines, such as dance, music, visual arts, and technology.
Experimental
theatre aims to break away from conventional narrative structures, character
development, and linear plotlines. It seeks to provoke thought, challenge
assumptions, and stimulate emotions in the audience through unconventional
techniques and artistic expressions. This type of theatre often prioritizes the
process of creation and discovery, placing emphasis on experimentation,
improvisation, and collaboration among the performers, directors, and
designers.
In experimental
theatre, the focus may be on exploring new forms of theatrical expression,
testing the limits of theatrical space, experimenting with non-traditional
performance styles, or challenging social and cultural norms through
provocative themes and content. It encourages artists to take risks, question
established norms, and engage in innovative storytelling methods that may
incorporate abstract or symbolic elements.
Theatre
practitioners involved in experimental theatre often have a strong emphasis on
research, exploration, and pushing the boundaries of what is considered
"theatre." They may employ unconventional techniques such as
site-specific performances, immersive experiences, interactive elements,
multimedia integration, and non-linear narratives. The audience's role may also
be redefined, with their active participation or engagement being an integral
part of the overall experience.
Experimental
theatre offers a platform for artistic experimentation and encourages audiences
to engage with theatre in new and unexpected ways. It challenges preconceived
notions of what theatre should be and opens up possibilities for unique and
transformative theatrical experiences.
Q3.
Attempt a critical note on ‘Musical’ and ‘Farce’ as forms of American Drama.
'Musical' and
'Farce' are two distinct forms of American drama that have gained popularity
over the years. While they have their own unique characteristics and
entertainment value, they also have certain limitations and criticisms
associated with them.
Starting with
the 'Musical' genre, it is known for its incorporation of songs, dances, and
theatrical spectacle. Musicals often tell stories through a combination of
dialogue, music, and choreography, creating a vibrant and engaging experience
for the audience. They have the ability to evoke emotions and provide an escape
from reality. However, one of the main criticisms of musicals is that they can
sometimes prioritize spectacle over substance. The focus on extravagant sets, elaborate
costumes, and catchy tunes can sometimes overshadow the depth of the
storytelling. This can lead to a superficial experience where the emotional
impact of the narrative is diminished. Additionally, musicals often rely on
formulaic structures and predictable plotlines, which can make them feel
repetitive and lacking in originality.
Moving on to
'Farce,' it is a comedic genre characterized by exaggerated situations,
mistaken identities, and rapid-fire dialogue. Farces are designed to provoke
laughter through absurdity and comedic timing. They often rely on physical
humor, wordplay, and situational comedy to create amusement. Farces can be
highly entertaining and provide an enjoyable experience for the audience.
However, one of the criticisms of farces is that they can be seen as
intellectually shallow. The emphasis on slapstick comedy and the pursuit of
laughs can overshadow any deeper meaning or social commentary that may be
present in the play. Additionally, farces can sometimes rely on clichéd and stereotypical
characters, reinforcing certain societal biases and perpetuating harmful
stereotypes.
Both musicals
and farces have their place in American drama, offering audiences moments of
joy, entertainment, and escapism. However, it is important to recognize that
these forms also have their limitations. The focus on spectacle and formulaic
structures in musicals, as well as the potential shallowness and reliance on
stereotypes in farces, can be seen as drawbacks. To truly appreciate these
genres, it is important to strike a balance between entertainment and
substance, ensuring that the storytelling and thematic depth are not
overshadowed by the surface-level elements.
Q4.
Discuss William Dean Howell’s ‘Self Sacrifice’ as a Farce.
Q5.
Discuss ‘A Raisin in the Sun’ as a Marxist play.
Q6. What
is Absurd Theatre? Elucidate with some example.
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