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M.E.G – 18
AMERICAN
POETRY IGNOU MEG 18
Solved Assignment 2023-24
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questions are compulsory.
Q1.
Enumerate on the Revolutionary War and Treaty of Paris and their impact on
American poetry
The
Revolutionary War and the Treaty of Paris had a significant impact on American
poetry, both in terms of subject matter and the development of a national
identity. Here are some key points:
Revolutionary
War as a Subject: The Revolutionary War provided American poets with a wealth
of inspiration. Many poets wrote about the patriotic ideals of freedom,
independence, and the struggle against tyranny. They celebrated the heroism of
the soldiers and the sacrifices made by the revolutionaries. Poems like
"The Battle of Bunker Hill" by Philip Freneau and "Paul Revere's
Ride" by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow became iconic examples of patriotic
poetry.
Creation of a
National Identity: The Revolutionary War and the subsequent victory against
British rule played a crucial role in shaping a distinct American identity.
American poets reflected this newfound identity in their works. They sought to
establish a unique literary voice separate from British influences. Poets like
Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson emerged in the 19th century, embodying the
spirit of American individualism and exploring themes of democracy, nature, and
personal freedom.
Celebrating
American Heroes: The Revolutionary War provided a backdrop for American poets
to celebrate the bravery and sacrifices of their heroes. Poems like "The
American Flag" by Joseph Rodman Drake and "Concord Hymn" by
Ralph Waldo Emerson honored figures like George Washington and the minutemen who
fought for the cause of independence. These poems helped to create a sense of
national pride and admiration for the founding fathers.
Impact of the
Treaty of Paris: The Treaty of Paris, signed in 1783, marked the official end
of the Revolutionary War and established the United States as an independent
nation. This event had a profound impact on American poetry. Poets started
exploring themes of national unity, liberty, and the challenges of building a
new nation. They contemplated the ideals and principles upon which the country
was founded and the responsibility of preserving them. This introspection can
be seen in works like "The Federalist Papers" by Alexander Hamilton,
James Madison, and John Jay.
Influence on
Literary Forms: The Revolutionary War and the Treaty of Paris also influenced
the development of literary forms in American poetry. Poets experimented with
new forms and styles, moving away from traditional British poetic conventions.
They embraced a more democratic and accessible style, often using plain
language and free verse. This rejection of formal constraints mirrored the
revolutionary spirit of the times and contributed to the emergence of
distinctly American poetic traditions.
Overall, the
Revolutionary War and the Treaty of Paris had a profound impact on American
poetry. They provided poets with themes of patriotism, heroism, and national
identity, and influenced the development of literary forms that would shape
American poetry for generations to come.
Q2. Write
short notes on:
a)
American Spirit
The term
"American Spirit" is often used to describe the unique
characteristics, values, and attitudes associated with the people of the United
States. It encompasses a range of ideals and qualities that have shaped the
nation's history and identity.
The American
Spirit is often associated with notions of freedom, independence, and
individualism. It reflects the pioneering and entrepreneurial spirit that drove
early settlers to venture into uncharted territories and establish new
communities. This spirit of exploration and self-reliance is deeply rooted in
the nation's history, from the westward expansion and the frontier mentality to
the American Dream of upward mobility and success.
Another aspect
of the American Spirit is the belief in democratic principles and the pursuit
of equality and justice. The United States was founded on the principles of
liberty and the idea that all individuals are created equal. This commitment to
democratic values and the fight for civil rights and social progress have been
defining features of the American Spirit, as seen in movements such as the
abolition of slavery, women's suffrage, and the ongoing struggle for racial
equality.
Additionally,
the American Spirit is characterized by resilience and optimism. Throughout its
history, the United States has faced numerous challenges and adversities, from
wars and economic crises to social and political conflicts. However, there has
often been a prevailing sense of optimism and determination to overcome these
obstacles and build a better future. This spirit of resilience is exemplified
by the American people's ability to rebound from setbacks and reinvent
themselves, fostering innovation and progress in various fields.
Furthermore,
the American Spirit encompasses cultural diversity and the blending of
different backgrounds and traditions. The United States has long been known as
a melting pot of cultures, attracting immigrants from around the world who
contribute to the nation's rich tapestry. This cultural diversity has fostered
a sense of openness, tolerance, and a willingness to embrace new ideas and
perspectives, which are fundamental aspects of the American Spirit.
However, it's
important to recognize that the concept of the American Spirit is not without
its complexities and contradictions. The nation has grappled with issues such
as systemic inequality, social divisions, and the tension between individual
freedoms and collective responsibilities. These challenges have influenced the
ongoing dialogue about what it truly means to embody the American Spirit and
how to uphold its principles in a changing world.
In conclusion,
the American Spirit encompasses the values of freedom, independence,
resilience, equality, and cultural diversity that have shaped the United
States. It is a complex and evolving concept that reflects the nation's
history, aspirations, and ongoing struggles. The American Spirit continues to
inspire and influence the American people, shaping their collective identity
and serving as a foundation for the nation's progress and pursuit of a more
perfect union.
b)
Puritan Spirit
The term
"Puritan Spirit" refers to the religious and cultural beliefs,
values, and practices associated with the Puritans, a group of English
Protestants who sought to purify the Church of England during the 16th and 17th
centuries. The Puritans were known for their strict adherence to religious
principles, disciplined lifestyles, and strong work ethic.
The Puritan
Spirit was deeply rooted in religious devotion and a desire for spiritual
purity. Puritans believed in the authority of the Bible and sought to live
according to its teachings. They emphasized the importance of personal piety,
individual conscience, and a direct relationship with God. This intense
religious commitment shaped their daily lives, influencing their moral
decisions, work ethic, and community interactions.
Hard work and
industry were highly valued in Puritan society, as they believed in the concept
of the "Protestant work ethic." Puritans viewed labor as a means of
serving God and believed that diligence, thrift, and success in worldly
endeavors were signs of divine favor. This ethos of hard work and economic
prosperity became a defining characteristic of the Puritan Spirit, influencing
the development of American capitalism and the belief in the virtues of
self-reliance and individual achievement.
The Puritan
Spirit also emphasized the importance of community and social order. Puritans
believed in the idea of a covenant community, in which individuals were bound
together by shared religious beliefs and moral responsibilities. They placed a
strong emphasis on the well-being of the community as a whole, encouraging
mutual support, cooperation, and the establishment of laws and institutions
based on religious principles. This sense of communal responsibility and the
belief in a higher moral purpose had a lasting impact on American society,
influencing concepts such as civic duty and the pursuit of the common good.
However, it's
important to note that the Puritan Spirit was also associated with strict
social norms and a tendency towards moral and religious conformity. Dissent and
deviation from the established religious beliefs and practices were often met
with intolerance and punishment. This aspect of the Puritan Spirit has been
subject to criticism for its suppression of individual freedoms and diversity
of thought.
In conclusion,
the Puritan Spirit represents the religious devotion, disciplined lifestyle,
strong work ethic, and sense of communal responsibility associated with the
Puritans. It had a profound influence on the development of American culture
and values, shaping concepts such as individualism, hard work, community, and
moral righteousness. While the Puritan Spirit exhibited both positive and
negative aspects, its legacy continues to resonate in various aspects of
American society and the collective understanding of American identity.
Q3.
Philip Freneau’s poem, “The Wild Honey Suckle” is a political document engaging
American national landscape – discuss.
Philip
Freneau's poem "The Wild Honey Suckle" is indeed a remarkable piece
of American literature that engages with the national landscape in a political
context. Written during the late 18th century, a time of great political and
social upheaval in the newly formed United States, the poem reflects Freneau's
concerns about the direction of the nation and his desire for a distinct
American identity.
"The Wild
Honey Suckle" uses the natural landscape as a metaphor to explore themes
of individualism, freedom, and the struggle for self-determination. The titular
flower, the wild honeysuckle, represents the untamed spirit of the American
people and their quest for liberty. The poem opens with an evocation of the
flower's beauty and its ability to flourish in the wilderness, symbolizing the
potential of the American nation.
However, as the
poem progresses, Freneau introduces a contrast between the wild honeysuckle and
the garden rose, which represents European influence and control. The rose is
portrayed as artificial and constrained, lacking the natural vigor and freedom
of the wild honeysuckle. This juxtaposition serves as a critique of the
influence of European powers on the American colonies and their attempts to
stifle American independence and individuality.
Freneau's
choice of imagery and language further highlights the political nature of the
poem. He describes the wild honeysuckle as a "fragrant flower" and a
"child of nature," emphasizing its connection to the untamed American
landscape. In contrast, the rose is depicted as "proud,"
"artful," and "sweetly rare," conveying a sense of
artificiality and superiority associated with European culture.
Moreover, the
poem's structure and form contribute to its political engagement. Freneau
employs a traditional rhymed quatrain pattern, a form commonly used in
political and social commentary during the era. This structure allows him to
convey his message in a concise and memorable manner, appealing to a broad
audience.
By using the
natural world as a vehicle for political expression, Freneau's "The Wild
Honey Suckle" expresses a sense of American identity rooted in the
landscape and the desire for independence from external influences. It reflects
the prevailing sentiments of the time and contributes to the broader literary
and intellectual discourse surrounding the formation of the American nation.
In conclusion,
Philip Freneau's poem "The Wild Honey Suckle" is a political document
that engages with the American national landscape. Through its exploration of
natural imagery and its critique of European influence, the poem expresses the
aspirations for liberty and individualism that were central to the emerging
American identity. It remains a significant work in American literature, capturing
the spirit of the Revolutionary era and the struggles of a young nation.
Q4. How
does the choice of words in the poem “I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed” help to
illustrate the idea of drunkenness?
Q5.
Critically appreciate Robert Lowell’s poem, “For the Union Dead”
Q6.
Discuss the use of imageries by Joy Harjo and Leslie Marmon Silko in the poems
given in your syllabus.
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