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B.E.C.E – 107
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
IGNOU BECE 107 Solved
Assignment 2023-24
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NOTE: All questions are compulsory.
Section
A
Answer
the following in about 500 words each.
Q1) What is the nature and extent of disparity among states in
industrial development? What are the major reasons for such disparities?
Disparities in
industrial development among states in India are significant and can be
attributed to a combination of historical, geographical, economic, and
policy-related factors. These disparities are characterized by variations in
the level of industrialization, infrastructure, investment climate, and
economic growth across different states. Here's an overview of the nature and
extent of these disparities and some major reasons behind them:
Nature and
Extent of Disparities:
Regional
Imbalance: Industrial development is concentrated in a few states and regions,
primarily in western and southern India, such as Maharashtra, Gujarat,
Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. These states have a higher concentration of
industries, infrastructure, and economic activity.
Variations in
Industrial Sectors: The composition of industries varies among states. Some
states have a stronger presence in manufacturing, while others are dominant in
services or agriculture. This variation is influenced by the availability of
resources, historical factors, and state policies.
Income
Disparities: Industrialization often leads to higher income levels. States with
more developed industries tend to have higher per capita income compared to
less industrialized states.
Employment
Opportunities: Industrial development is closely linked to job creation. States
with a strong industrial base offer more employment opportunities, while those
with limited industrialization face challenges in providing jobs to their
growing populations.
Infrastructure
and Connectivity: Infrastructure, including transportation, power supply, and
communication networks, is more developed in industrially advanced states. This
infrastructure deficit hinders industrial growth in other states.
Investment
Climate: States with a conducive business environment, transparent regulations,
and ease of doing business tend to attract more investment, furthering their
industrial development.
Major Reasons
for Disparities:
Historical
Legacy: The industrial disparities among states can often be traced back to
historical factors. States that were historically industrial centers continue
to have a competitive advantage in terms of infrastructure, skilled labor, and
industrial culture.
Geographical
Factors: The availability of natural resources, proximity to ports, and
favorable climatic conditions can play a significant role in determining the
location and growth of industries. States with more favorable geographical
factors may have an advantage.
Policy Environment:
State policies and regulations related to land acquisition, labor laws,
taxation, and incentives for industrial development can either attract or deter
investments. States with investor-friendly policies tend to experience faster
industrial growth.
Infrastructure
Development: A lack of critical infrastructure such as roads, railways, ports,
and reliable power supply can hinder industrial development in certain states.
States that invest in infrastructure development tend to attract more industries.
Human Capital:
The availability of a skilled and educated workforce is essential for
industrial development. States with a better-educated and skilled labor force
tend to attract more industries.
Access to
Markets: Proximity to major markets, both domestic and international, can be a
significant factor. States located close to large consumer markets or export
hubs may have an advantage in attracting industries.
Government
Support: State governments that actively promote industrialization through
investment incentives, subsidies, and supportive policies can experience more
rapid industrial growth.
Political
Stability: Political stability and good governance are important for creating a
conducive business environment. States with a history of political stability
often attract more investments.
To address
these disparities, the Indian government has launched various policies and
initiatives to promote industrial development in less developed states and
regions. These initiatives include special economic zones (SEZs), industrial
corridors, and various financial incentives. However, achieving more balanced
industrial development across the country remains a complex and ongoing
challenge.
Q2) What is meant by globalisation? Briefly summarise the
opportunities and challenges posed by globalisation to the Indian industrial
sector.
Section
B
Answer the following in
about 250 words each.
Q3) Briefly describe the role of industrialisation in a
developing economy such as India.
Q4) Define industrial sickness. Briefly discuss the impact of
industrial sickness on Indian economy.
Q5) According to Krugman manufacturing industries will
concentrate in one or a few regions in a country. Why?
Q6) Define micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME). What is
the importance of MMSME in India?
Section
C
Answer the following in
about 100 words each.
Q7)
Write short notes on any two of the following:
(a) Fragmentation of production process
(b) Under-utilisation of capacity
(c) Role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India
Q8)
Define the following terms and explain why they are important.
a) Economies of scope
b) Public utilities
IGNOU
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