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B.P.Y – 010
Epistemology
IGNOU BPY 010 Solved Assignment 2023-24
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NOTE: All questions
are compulsory.
Q1. What is the main assumption(s) of Foundationalism? Discuss.
Foundationalism
is a philosophical epistemological theory that deals with the structure of
knowledge and the justification of beliefs. It posits that knowledge and
justified beliefs are structured hierarchically, with foundational beliefs at
the base, serving as a secure and self-evident foundation upon which other
beliefs rest. The main assumption of foundationalism can be summarized as
follows:
Epistemic
Infinitism: Foundationalism assumes that an infinite regress of justification
is unacceptable. In other words, it posits that we cannot justify all of our
beliefs by appealing to further beliefs in an endless chain. To avoid an
infinite regress, foundationalism posits that there must be a level of beliefs
that do not require further justification because they are self-evident,
incorrigible, or infallible.
Basic Beliefs:
Foundationalism assumes that there are basic or foundational beliefs that are
self-justified or self-evident, meaning they require no further justification
or evidence to be considered knowledge. These basic beliefs serve as the
starting point for all other beliefs and are themselves beyond doubt or error.
Deductive
Justification: Foundationalism typically relies on deductive reasoning to
justify other beliefs based on these foundational beliefs. It assumes that
beliefs built upon a foundation can be justified through deductive inferences,
where the conclusion logically follows from the premises. This implies a strong
emphasis on the certainty and incorrigibility of justified beliefs.
Hierarchical
Structure: Foundationalism posits that knowledge has a hierarchical structure,
with foundational beliefs at the bottom and derived beliefs on higher levels.
Higher-level beliefs are justified by their dependence on lower-level
foundational beliefs.
Coherentism
Rejection: Foundationalism rejects the alternative epistemological theory of coherentism,
which argues that beliefs are justified by their coherence with other beliefs
rather than relying on foundational or self-evident beliefs. Foundationalism
insists that coherentism cannot guarantee the certainty and justification that
foundationalism claims to provide.
It's important
to note that foundationalism has faced significant criticism and challenges in
the history of epistemology, especially related to the identification of
self-evident or incorrigible foundational beliefs and the potential for
circular reasoning in establishing foundational beliefs. Many contemporary
epistemologists explore alternative theories, such as externalism, reliabilism,
and virtue epistemology, which provide different perspectives on the nature of
knowledge and belief justification.
What is Correspondence
theory of truth? What is the basic assumption(s) of this theory?
Q2. Write a short essay
on Habermas’ method of argumentation for norm formation. Why does he emphasize
on argumentation?
Or
Discuss and evaluate
apoha theory of Buddhism.
Q3. Answer any two of the following questions in about
200 words each.
a) Write a note on
anumana in Nyaya epistemology.
b) Explain
Neo-Pragmatic theory of truth.
c) Write a note on
abhava.
d) Write an essay on
the logical structure of a sentence according to Nyaya Philosophy.
Q4. Answer any four of the following questions in about
150 words each.
a) What is the main
contention(s) of Ecological Approach to Perception?
b) Explain inductive
method.
c) Write a note on the
relation between science and philosophy.
d) Compare between
Foucauldian and Derrida’s critique of the Subject.
e) What are the
characteristic features of Feminist Epistemology? Describe.
f) Write a note on
sphota theory.
Q5. Write short notes on any five of the following in
about 100 words each.
a) Naturalized
Epistemology
b) Samanya
c) Doxastic
Coherentism
d) Pragmatic theory of
truth
e) Samanya-lakshan
pratyaksha
f) Cartesian Mind
g) Form of Life
h) Matters of fact
IGNOU BPY 010 Solved
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