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E.S.O – 12
Society in India IGNOU ESO 12 Solved Assignment 2023-24
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NOTE: All questions are compulsory.
Section I
Answer the following in about 500 words each.
Q1. Discuss the major characteristics of rural
social structure.
Agrarian
Economy: Rural areas are predominantly characterized by an agrarian economy,
where agriculture is the primary occupation. Land ownership and cultivation
play a central role in rural social structure, and land often serves as a
symbol of social status and power.
Close-Knit
Communities: Rural communities tend to be smaller and more closely knit than
urban communities. People often know their neighbors well and have strong
social bonds based on shared activities, values, and traditions.
Family-Centered:
The family is the basic unit of rural society, and family ties are generally
strong. Extended families are common, with several generations living under the
same roof or in close proximity. Family members often work together in
agricultural activities.
Caste and
Social Stratification: Caste-based social hierarchies and stratification are
prevalent in many rural areas of India. Caste often determines social status,
occupation, and social interactions. Despite legal reforms and changing social
norms, caste distinctions still influence rural life.
Traditional
Gender Roles: Gender roles in rural areas are often more traditional compared
to urban settings. Men are typically associated with agricultural labor and
income generation, while women are responsible for domestic and caregiving
activities.
Limited Access
to Education and Healthcare: Rural areas often have limited access to quality
education and healthcare facilities. This can perpetuate social inequalities
and hinder social mobility.
Rural-Urban
Divide: Rural social structure is distinct from urban social structure. Rural
areas tend to have different values, lifestyles, and norms, often influenced by
agriculture and a slower pace of life.
Oral Tradition:
In many rural areas, information is passed down through oral tradition rather
than written records. Elders and local leaders play a crucial role in
transmitting knowledge, customs, and stories.
Religious and
Cultural Traditions: Rural areas often maintain strong ties to traditional
religious and cultural practices. Festivals, rituals, and ceremonies are
essential elements of rural social life.
Limited
Industrialization: Rural areas are typically less industrialized than urban
areas. As a result, economic opportunities are often limited to agriculture and
related activities. Industrialization can lead to changes in the social
structure as people seek non-agricultural employment.
Collective
Decision-Making: Village panchayats and traditional councils often play a role
in collective decision-making in rural areas. Community members come together
to address local issues, resolve disputes, and make decisions related to
agriculture and infrastructure.
Interdependence:
Rural communities rely on interdependence for their livelihoods. Cooperation
among community members is crucial for tasks like planting and harvesting
crops, tending to livestock, and managing water resources.
Limited
Infrastructure: Rural areas may have limited access to modern infrastructure,
including transportation, electricity, and communication facilities. This can
affect the quality of life and economic opportunities in these areas.
Attachment to
Land and Nature: Rural social structure often reflects a deep attachment to the
land and a strong connection with nature. People's lives and identities are
intertwined with the natural environment and the seasonal rhythms of
agricultural cycles.
It's important
to note that rural social structure is not monolithic, and there can be
significant variations within and between rural communities, depending on
factors such as region, cultural diversity, economic development, and
government policies. Additionally, ongoing urbanization and modernization
processes are reshaping rural social structures in many parts of the world,
influencing social roles, norms, and values.
Q2. Describe with examples the different dimensions of ethnic
relations in India.
Section II
Answer
the following in about 250 words each.
Q3. What are the changes taking place in family in rural India?
Q4. Define the concept of urban and discuss the process of
urbanization and its impact in rural areas.
Q5. What is the meaning of urbanism?
Q6. Distinguish between social change and social movements. Give
an example.
Section III
Answer
the following in about 100 words each.
Q7. What is ideology?
Q8. Discuss women’s socio political representation in Indian
politics.
IGNOU
ESO 12 Solved Assignment English Medium 2023-24 The Indira Gandhi National Open
University has updated the IGNOU Assignment Status
2023-24 December Session so that students can know if their submission is
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