Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy. The constitution of India, like any other civil
constitution, originally handed for a binary form of Government, where one was
The Centre and other The States. It contained vittles regarding organisation of
powers of the Centre and the countries. But by the 73rd and 74th constitution
correction Acts (1992), a third league government (Original government) was
added to Constitution of India which is one of its only kind. Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy.
The 73rd and
74th Indigenous Emendations were passed by the Parliament in December, 1992.
Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy. Through these emendations, original tone- governance was introduced in both
pastoral and civic India. The Acts came into force as the Constitution (73rd
Correction) Act, 1992 on April 24, 1993 and the Constitution (74th Correction)
Act, 1992 on June 1, 1993. Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy.
Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy. The 73rd Amendment Act of 1992 gave indigenous
recognition to the Panchayats ( Pastoral original Government) by the addition
of a new Part IX and a new Schedule 11 in our constitution. The 73rd Correction
was for The Gram Panchayats or the original Government of the Pastoral areas.
Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy. The 74th Constitution Amendment Act of 1992 gave indigenous recognition to the
Cosmopolises (The Urban Original Governments) by the addition of a New Part
IX-A and a New Schedule 12 to the Constitution of India. The 74th Constitution
Amendment Act was for The External pots or the original Government of the Civic
areas. Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy.
The
revivification of this system can be owed to the dynamic leadership of Rajiv
Gandhi. In his address to the 5th Factory on‘Responsive Administration’ held at
Coimbatore in June, 1988, he said that “ If our quarter administration isn't
sufficiently responsive, the introductory reason is that it isn't only
sufficiently representative. Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy. With the decay of Panchayat Raj Institutions, the
administration has got insulated from the people therefore dulling its
perceptivity to the requirements of the people”. Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy.
With events moving at a faster pace, Panchayat Raj
surfaced as a major institutional channel of similar administration. The
Constitution 73rd Amendment Act, 1992 came into effect from 24th April 1993.
It's a major legislation. Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy. The introductory sprit behind this legislation was
that it didn't seek to limit to the end of conformity acts and endowing the
original governing bodies with some executive and fiscal powers but also to
make them genuine institutions for participatory tone- government. The emphasis
has been so far on the former, which has made them bare enforcing agencies of
central and state schemes, passed on to them, with finances.
The introductory ideal of the popular decentralization
through reactivation of the Panchayat Raj system was to realize Gandhi’s
conception of “ Swarajya”.
Features of 73rd
Indigenous Correction
·
Part IX has been
fitted incontinently after‘Part VIII’of the Constitution and after the‘Tenth
Schedule’of the Constitution,‘Eleventh Schedule‘has been added ( Composition
243G) which gives the detail list of functions to be performed by Panchayat Raj
Institutions (PRIs). Panchayats shall be constituted in every state at the
vill, intermediate and quarter situations, therefore bringing about uniformity
in the Panchayat Raj structure. Still, the countries having a population not
exceeding 20 lakhs have been given the option of not having any Panchayat at
the intermediate position. Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy.
·
While the choices
in respect of all the members to Panchayats at the position will be direct, the
election in respect of the post of the Chairman at the intermediate and quarter
position will be circular. The mode of election of Chairman to the vill
position has been left to the State Government to decide. All members including
the speaker shall have the right to bounce. Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy.
·
Reservation of
seats for SC/ STs has been handed in proportion to their population at each
position. Not lower than one-third of the total class has been reserved for
women (in both reserved and general order) and these seats may be distributed
by gyration to different constituencies in a Panchayat. Analogous reservations
have been made in respect of the office of the speaker also. Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy.
·
A invariant term of
five times has been handed for the PRIs and in the event of dissolution or
super session, election to constitute the body should be completed before the
expiry of six months from the date of dissolution. Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy. However, fresh choices may not
be necessary, If the remainder period is lower than six months. Panchayat
constituted upon dissolution may continue for the remainder of the period. Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy.
·
With a view to
icing durability, it has been handed in the Act that all the Panchayats being
incontinently before the inception of this Amendment Act will continue till the
expiry of their duration unless dissolved by a resolution to that effect passed
by the State Houses concerned or any law relating to the panchayats which
before the correction came into force, not inconsistent with its vittles shall
continue, unless amended or repealed. Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy.
·
There shall be an
Election Commission for the conduct of all choices to the panchayats conforming
of a State Election Commissioner to be appointed by the State Government. It
shall also be in charge of superintendence, direction and control of the
medication of electoral rolls. Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy.
·
The State
Legislature have been given the power to authorise the Panchayats to levy,
collect and applicable suitable original levies and also give for making
subventions-in- aid to the Panchayats from the consolidated fund of the
concerned state.
·
A State Finance
Commission has to be constituted formerly in every five times to review the
fiscal position of the Panchayat and to make suitable recommendations to the
Governor as to the principles which should govern the distribution between the
state and the panchayats of profit, whether net proceeds of the levies, duties,
sacrifices, and freights leviable by the state or subventions in aid and
recommend measures to strengthen the fiscal position of the panchayat bodies
and deliberate on any other matter appertained to it by the Governor.
Features of 74th Indigenous Correction
Like
the 73rd correction, the 74th correction lays down the structure of Urban Local
bodies; It provides for their regular, free and fair choices, makes vittles for
reservation of seats for SC, ST and OBCs, fixes their term to five times,
protects them against arbitrary dissolution, specifies their powers and
liabilities, and attempts to strengthen the financial base of the civic
original bodies. It does two further effects, which aren't to be plant in the
73rd correction; that's that, besides tagged, it also provides for nominated
members for decentralised planning. In the 43rd time of the Republic of India,
1992 the Constitution (74th Correction) was passed which came into force on 1st
June 1993. Two important Panels, videlicet Committee for District Planning
(Article 243ZD, (DPC) and Committee for Metropolitan Planning (Articla243 ZE,
(MPC) have been constituted. The features of 74th Indigenous Correction are
bandied below: Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy.
·
Indigenous status
has been accorded to Urban Local Government bodies. Three league structure has
been imaged, whereby there would be External Pots, for larger areas, External
Councils for lower areas, and Nagar panchayats for townlets in transition to
getting municipalities. Since, “ Original Government” is a state subject, the
state houses have been left within their powers to define the details of the
powers and functions of different units of civic government institutions whose
broad figure only has been drawn by the Parliament.
·
Direct election to
these External bodies by the people in the manner as the choices are held for
the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies has been handed. For the purpose of choices,
the External choices are to be conducted by the State Election Commission.
·
Reservation of
one-third of seats for women including women belonging to Slated Gentries and
Slated Lines is assured.
·
The State Finance
Commission would insure fiscal viability of the Cosmopolises. External finances
have been stoked through levies, sacrifices, duties and freights,
subventions-in aid.
·
Urban external
institutions of tone- government have been endowed with power and authority to
formulate and apply schemes for profitable development and social justice on 18
subjects. Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy.
·
Developmental
Panels, videlicet, (DPC) and Metropolitan Planning Panels have been
constituted. Therefore, planning in India has been decentralised up to the
grassroots position.
·
For better
propinquity with citizens, wards panels have been constituted.
·
The 74th CAA and
also the 73rd CAA (on Panchayats) have created original tone- government
institutions throughout pastoral and civic India with powers (29 for pastoral
and 18 for civic) delineated, degeneration, deliberative and administrative
bodies of government created, authority and liabilities defined, experimental
panels (DPC, MPC) and Finance Commission constituted; and within each Megacity,
Wards Panels and Zonal Panels have been constituted.
·
The Constitution
73rd Amendment Act adds a sub clause (bb) to Composition 280 of the
Constitution. According to this sub clause, the Central Finance Commission, in
addition to other quested duties, shall also make recommendations to the
President regarding the measures demanded to compound the also Consolidated
Fund of a State to condense the coffers of the Panchayats in the State on the
base of the recommendations made by the Finance Commission of the State.
·
The State Houses
should bring by necessary emendations to their Panchayat Acts within a maximum
period of one time from the Inception of this Amendment Act so as to conform to
the provision contained in the Constitution Features of 73rd and 74th
Correction. Discuss the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in Indian democracy.
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