Mendel's laws of inheritance are fundamental principles that describe the patterns of inheritance of genetic traits from parents to offspring. Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk and botanist, discovered these laws in the 19th century after performing experiments with pea plants.
Law of
Segregation: This law states that for each trait, an individual inherits two
copies (alleles) from each parent, but only one copy is passed on to their
offspring. The two alleles segregate during the formation of gametes, so each
gamete receives only one allele.
Briefly discuss Mendel’s laws of Inheritance with suitable
examples
For example,
consider the trait of flower color in pea plants. The allele for purple flowers
(P) is dominant over the allele for white flowers (p). If a pea plant with
genotype Pp (heterozygous) is crossed with another Pp plant, the offspring will
inherit one allele from each parent. The resulting Punnett square shows that
25% of the offspring will be homozygous dominant (PP), 50% will be heterozygous
(Pp), and 25% will be homozygous recessive (pp).
For example,
consider the traits of flower color and seed color in pea plants. The allele
for yellow seeds (Y) is dominant over the allele for green seeds (y). If a pea
plant with genotype PpYy (heterozygous for both traits) is crossed with another
PpYy plant, the resulting Punnett square shows that there are four possible
combinations of alleles in the offspring: PY, Py, pY, and py. Each combination
has an equal chance of occurring because the alleles for each trait assort
independently of each other.
In summary,
Mendel's laws of inheritance provide a framework for understanding how genetic
traits are passed down from parents to offspring. The law of segregation
explains how alleles are separated during gamete formation, while the law of
independent assortment explains how alleles for different traits are inherited
independently of each other.
Eye Color: Eye
color is an inherited trait that is determined by multiple genes. The gene for
brown eyes (B) is dominant over the gene for blue eyes (b). If both parents
have brown eyes, but each carries a recessive blue-eyed gene, they can still
pass on the blue-eyed gene to their children. For example, if both parents are
heterozygous for the brown-eyed gene (Bb), their children have a 25% chance of
inheriting two recessive blue-eyed genes (bb) and having blue eyes.
Blood Type:
Blood type is determined by multiple alleles. There are four blood types: A, B,
AB, and O. The A and B alleles are codominant, while the O allele is recessive.
If one parent has blood type AB and the other has blood type O, their child
could inherit either type A or B, or neither, depending on the combination of
alleles inherited from each parent. For example, if the AB parent passes on the
A allele and the O parent passes on the O allele, the child will have blood
type A.
Cystic
Fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis is an inherited genetic disorder caused by a mutation
in the CFTR gene. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning
that a person must inherit two copies of the mutated gene (one from each
parent) in order to develop the disorder. If both parents are carriers of the mutated
gene, each child they have has a 25% chance of inheriting two copies of the
mutated gene and developing the disorder.
For SOLVED PDF & Handwritten
WhatsApp
No :- 7838475079
Huntington's
Disease: Huntington's Disease is an inherited genetic disorder caused by a
mutation in the HTT gene. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner,
meaning that a person only needs to inherit one copy of the mutated gene from
one parent in order to develop the disorder. If one parent has the disorder,
each child they have has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated gene and
developing the disorder.